Ingredients
For the Meat Layer:
- 1 lb (450g) ground beef (or a beef/lamb mixture)
- 1 medium onion, finely diced
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 1 can (14 oz/400g) tomato sauce or crushed tomatoes
- 2 tablespoons tomato paste
- 1 teaspoon dried oregano
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon (optional, for authentic Greek flavor)
- 1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
For the Pasta Layer:
- 1 lb (450g) pasta (ziti, penne, or tubular pasta works best)
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
For the Béchamel Sauce:
- 4 tablespoons butter
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 3 cups milk, warmed
- 2 eggs, lightly beaten
- 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- Salt and white pepper to taste
- 1 cup ricotta cheese (optional)
For Topping:
- 2 cups shredded mozzarella cheese
- 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
Instructions
Prepare the Pasta:
- Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C).
- Cook pasta in salted water until al dente (slightly undercooked), about 2 minutes less than package directions. Drain, toss with 1 tablespoon butter and 1/4 cup Parmesan cheese. Set aside.
Prepare the Meat Sauce:
- Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
- Add onions and sauté until translucent, about 3-4 minutes.
- Add garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant.
- Add ground meat and cook until browned, breaking it apart with a spoon, about 5-7 minutes.
- Drain excess fat if necessary.
- Stir in tomato sauce, tomato paste, oregano, cinnamon (if using), nutmeg, salt, and pepper.
- Simmer for 10-15 minutes until slightly thickened. Remove from heat.
Prepare the Béchamel Sauce:
- Melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat.
- Whisk in flour and cook for 1-2 minutes to make a roux.
- Gradually add warm milk, whisking constantly to prevent lumps.
- Cook, stirring frequently, until sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon, about 5-7 minutes.
- Remove from heat and let cool slightly.
- Whisk a small amount of the warm sauce into beaten eggs to temper them, then whisk egg mixture back into the sauce.
- Stir in nutmeg, salt, and white pepper.
- If using ricotta, fold it into the béchamel now for extra creaminess.
Assemble the Casserole:
- Grease a 9×13 inch (or similar size) glass baking dish.
- Layer half the pasta on the bottom of the dish.
- Spread all of the meat sauce over the pasta.
- Add remaining pasta as the next layer.
- Pour the béchamel sauce over the pasta, spreading to cover completely.
- Top with shredded mozzarella and Parmesan cheese.
Bake:
- Bake in the preheated oven for 40-45 minutes until bubbly and the top is golden brown.
- Let stand for 15 minutes before serving to allow the layers to set.
Serving
Serve warm, cutting into squares. This dish pairs wonderfully with a simple green salad and garlic bread.
Storage
Leftovers can be refrigerated for up to 3 days or frozen for up to 3 months. Reheat covered in the oven at 350°F until heated through.
Note: This casserole takes a bit of time to prepare but can be assembled ahead and refrigerated before baking. It’s also perfect for feeding a crowd!